Description
MicrocystinRRisacyclicheptapeptideinitiallyproducedbyspeciesofcyanobacteriaMicrocystis.MicrocystinRRexhibitscytotoxic,pro-oxidative,andcarcinogenicproperties.MicrocystinRRinducesendocrinedisruptionandalterscholesterolsynthesisandlipidoxidationinvivo.Additionally,MicrocystinRRinducesmitochondrialdysfunctionandoxidativestress,alteringgonadalstructureindevelopment.Inotheranimalmodels,MicrocystinRRalterslevelsofBcl-2,Bax,p53,andGRP78,inducingapoptosisandliverdamage.
References
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