Description
18β-GlycyrrhetinicAcid(enoxolone)isatriterpeneglycosidefoundinGlycyrrhizathatexhibitsanti-hyperlipidemic,anti-obesity,anti-inflammatory,anticancer,andanti-metastaticactivities.Enoxoloneiscommerciallyusedasaflavorant.Enoxoloneinhibits15-hydroxyprostaglandindehydrogenase,alteringthemetabolismofprostaglandinsE2(PGE2)andF2(PGF2).Enoxolonealsomodulatesionchannelactivity,inhibitinghumanether-related-a-go-go(hERG)K+channelsandKv1.3K+channels.Invitro,enoxolonepreventsproductionofIL-2andactivationofTcells.Inothercellularmodels,enoxolonedecreasescellularinvasion,expressionofmatrixmetalloproteinase9(MMP9)andVEGF,andactivityofNF-κB.Thiscompoundalsoinducesapoptosisinnon-smallcelllungcancer(NSCLC)cells,decreasingexpressionofBcl-2,Bcl-xl,cyclinD1,andcyclinE,increasingactivationofcaspasesandPARP,anddownregulatingphosphorylationofJNKandPKC.Inanimalmodels,enoxoloneinhibitsanandamide-inducedADIpocytedifferentiation,suppressesexpressionoffattyacidsynthase,anddecreasesplasmalipidlevels,fatweight,andbodyweight.