Description
TetramethylpyrazineisadihydropyrazinefoundinLigusticumwalliichithatexhibitsneuromodulatory,antioxidative,cognitionenhancing,nephroprotective,antifibrotic,anti-inflammatory,andanticancerchemotherapeuticactivities.ThiscompoundalsoinhibitsPDE10A2andactsasanantagoNISTatadenosine2Aand2Breceptors.Invitro,tetramethylpyrazinepromotesneuralProgenitorcellmigrationandincreasesPI3K,PKC,andERKsignaling.TetramethylpyrazinealsoinducesneuroblastomadifferentiationbytargetingTopoisomeraseIiβ(topoIIβ).Inanimalmodelsofchronicalcoholicencephalopathy,Tetramethylpyrazineimproveslearningandmemory.Additionally,thiscompoundinhibitsarsenic-inducedproductionofROSandpreventsapoptosisandmitochondrialdysfunctioninkidneycells.Tetramethylpyrazinealsoamelioratesoxidativeinjuryinducedbymethotrexate.Invitro,thiscompoundinhibitsproliferationofhepaticstellatecells.Inanimalmodelsofhepatocellularcarcinoma,tetramethylpyrazineinhibitstumordevelopmentandgrowthandinducescellcyclearrestandapoptosis.