Description
3,4-Dihydroxyphenolethanol,alsoknownas3-hydroxytyrosol,isapolyphenoloriginallyfoundinoliveoil.3-Hydroxytyrosolexhibitsantioxidative,anti-inflammatory,anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-diabetic,anti-platelet,andanticancerchemotherapeuticactivities.Inbrainslicesundergoinghypoxiaandreoxygenation,3-hydroxytyrosolincreasesrADIcalscavengingandglutathioneactivityanddecreaseslipidperoxidationandexpressionofprostaglandinE2(PGE2)andIL-1β.3-HydroxytyrosolalsodecreasesexpressionofprostaglandinE2(PGE2),matrixmetalloproteinase9(MMP9),andCOX-2throughinhibitionofPKCactivationandNF-κBtranslocation.Inanimalmodelsofdiabetes,3-hydroxytyrosolinhibitsSREBP/Fassignalingtodecreaselipiddepositsandinhibitsmitochondrialapoptosis,resultingindecreasesinfastingglucose,serumlipidlevels,andlipidoxidation.Inwholebloodandplasma,thiscompoundinhibitsplateletaggregation,inhibitingproductionofthromboxaneB2,TNF-α,andleukocyte6-keto-PGF1.Additionally,3-hydroxytyrosolinhibitsproliferationofcholangiocarcinomacellsinvitroandinhibitstumorgrowthofxenograftsinvivo.