Description
SubstanceP(SP)isanendogenoustachykininneuropeptidethatisinvolvedininflammatory,pain,andstresssignaling;itexhibitsneuroprotective,cognitionenhancing,andgastrointestinalmotilitymodulatingactivities.SPexhibitsneuroprotectiveactivitybydecreasingexpressionofKv1.4K+channelsintransgenicanimalmodelsofAlzheimer’sdiseaseandimprovingcognitiveperformanceintheMorriswatermazetask.SPisthenaturalligandfortheneurokinin-1(NK1)receptor.Invariousanimalmodels,SPmodulatesopioidsignaling,inducesgastricmucosalprotection,andinhibitsretinalapoptosis.SPalsopreventshyperoxia-inducedlungdamage,decreasinglevelsofmalondialdehydeandincreasinglevelsofsuperoxidedismutase(SOD);thisactivitymayberegulatedthroughSHHsignaling.Inmelanomacells,SPdecreaseslevelsoftyrosinaseandmelanin,inhibitingmelanogenesis.Inothercellularmodels,SPincreasestheviABIlityandproliferationofosteoblastsandpromotesgapjunctionintracellularcommunication.
References
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YangJH,GuoZ,ZhangT,etal.RestorationofendogenoussubstancePisassociatedwithinhibitionofapoptosisofretinalcellsindiabeticrats.RegulPept.2013Nov10;187:12-6.PMID:24045094.
MaW,ZhangX,ShiS,etal.Neuropeptidesstimulatehumanosteoblastactivityandpromotegapjunctionalintercellularcommunication.Neuropeptides.2013Jun;47(3):179-86.PMID:23726661.
BrancatiSB,ZádoriZS,NémethJ,etal.SubstancePinducesgastricmucosalprotectionatsupraspinallevelviaincreasingthelevelofendomorphin-2inrats.BrainResBull.2013Feb;91:38-45.PMID:23328537.
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