Description
GinsenosideRh4isatriterpenesaponinfoundinPanax(ginseng)thatexhibitsimmunomodulatory,neuroprotective,cognitionenhancing,anti-inflammatory,antioxidative,andanticanceractivities.InCD8+Tcells,ginsenosideRh4increasesproductionofIFN-γandactivationofp38MAPKandERK,resultinginanincreaseincellproliferation.InanimalsundergoingtheMorriswatermazetest,ginsenosideRh4improvesspatiallearningandmemory.ThiscompoundalsomodulatesexpressionofinflammatoryMarkers,decreasingexpressionoftoll-likereceptor4(TLR4),CD14,TNF-α,IL-1αandHIF-1α,andinhibitingdegradationofIκBkinaseandtranslocationofNF-κBacrossvariouscellularmodels.