Description
2-Hydroxy estradiol (2-OH E2) is a cytochrome P450 metabolite of estradiol with low affinity for estrogen receptors. 2-OH E2 exhibits anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, mitogenic, and potentially anti-angiogenic activities. In vitro, 2-OH E2 decreases release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In hippocampal HT22 cells, 2-OH E2 decreases cellular lipid peroxidation and cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, 2-OH E2 displays mitogenic effects on vascular smooth muscle cells after conversion to methoxyestradiols and catecholestradiols via cytochrome P450 and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzymes. Similar compound 2-methoxy estradiol (2-ME2) has achieved considerable attention as an anticancer chemotherapeutic and anti-angiogenic agent through inhibition of the HIF-1α pathway.
References
Pavan B, Paganetto G, Dalpiaz A, et al. Estrogen metabolites in the release of inflammatory mediators from human amnion-derived cells. Life Sci. 2011 Mar 14;88(11-12):551-8. PMID: 21277863.
Becker CM, Rohwer N, Funakoshi T, et al. 2-methoxyestradiol inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1{alpha} and suppresses growth of lesions in a mouse model of endometriosis. Am J Pathol. 2008 Feb;172(2):534-44. PMID: 18202195.
Dubey RK, Jackson EK, Gillespie DG, et al. Catecholamines block the antimitogenic effect of estradiol on human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Aug;89(8):3922-31. PMID: 15292328.
Zacharia LC, Piché CA, Fielding RM, et al. 2-hydroxyestradiol is a prodrug of 2-methoxyestradiol. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Jun;309(3):1093-7. PMID: 14872091.
Teepker M, Anthes N, Krieg JC, et al. 2-OH-estradiol, an endogenous hormone with neuroprotective functions. J Psychiatr Res. 2003 Nov-Dec;37(6):517-23. PMID: 14563383.
