Description
25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH D3), or calcidiol/calcifediol, is a pro-hormone for calcitriol that restores bone mineralization in vitamin D-deficient models. 25-OH D3 is the major circulating metabolite of vitamin D3. Vitamin D signaling also regulates Ca2+ homeostasis. 25-OH D3 activates the vitamin D receptor and also regulates transcription of hormones such as parathyroid hormone (PTH). In vivo, 25-OH D3 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, improving diabetic periodontitis; 25-OH D3 decreases levels of serum glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and TNF-α and downregulates expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), JAK/STAT, and NF-κB. This compound also displays anticancer activity, as it inhibits cell growth in prostate cancer cells.
References
Wang Q, Li H, Xie H, et al. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 attenuates experimental periodontitis through downregulation of TLR4 and JAK1/STAT3 signaling in diabetic mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2013 May;135:43-50. PMID: 23333931.
Li H, Xie H, Fu M, et al. 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 ameliorates periodontitis by modulating the expression of inflammation-associated factors in diabetic mice. Steroids. 2013 Feb;78(2):115-20. PMID: 23138030.
Ritter CS, Brown AJ. Direct suppression of Pth gene expression by the vitamin D prohormones doxercalciferol and calcidiol requires the vitamin D receptor. J Mol Endocrinol. 2011 Feb 15;46(2):63-6. PMID: 21169421.
Tuohimaa P, Golovko O, Kalueff A, et al. Calcidiol and prostate cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 Feb;93(2-5):183-90. PMID: 15860261.
van Leeuwen JP, van Driel M, van den Bemd GJ, et al. Vitamin D control of osteoblast function and bone extracellular matrix mineralization. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2001;11(1-3):199-226. PMID: 11693961.
