Description
ValsartanisanangiotensinII(ATII)type1receptor(AT1)inhibitorthatisclinicallyusedtolowerbloodpressureandcoronaryresistance,andtodecreasecardiachypertrophy.Valsartanexhibitsantihypertensive,cardioprotective,neuroprotective,anti-angiogenic,andanti-inflammatoryactivities.InhibitionoftheATIItype1receptorresultsininhibitionofNF-κBandAP-1activation.ValsartaninducesautophagythroughalterationofAkt/mTORsignalingintheratheart,decreasinginfarctsizeinanischemia-reperfusionmodel.Inneurons,valsartanpromotesspinogenesis,increasingthenumberofAMPAreceptorsonthecellsurfaceandalteringlevelsofCaMKIIαandphospho-CDK5.Invivo,valsartanpreventsinductionofcardiotrophin-1,inhibitingincreasesincreatinekinase,atrialnatriureticpeptide,andtheheartweight/bodyweightratioduringheartfailure.Additionally,inhibitionoftheangiotensinIItype1(AT1)receptorpreventsphosphorylationofAktanddecreasesexpressionofVEGFinbonemarrowstromalcells.Valsartanalsoinhibitsreleaseofpro-inflammatorycytokinessuchasIL-6,TNF-α,andIL-1βindependentofitsactivityonATIItype1receptors.