Description
Xanthohumol(XN)isaprenylatedflavonoidfoundinHumuluslupulusthatexhibitsanti-osteoporotic,anticancer,anti-inflammatory,atheroprotective,neuroprotective,andestrogenicactivities.XNaltersNF-kBsignaling,decreasesexpressionofpro-inflammatorycytokinesIL-1-βandMCP-1,andactivatedAMP-activatedproteinkinase.Inarodentmodelofcerebralischemia,XNattenuatesfocalcerebralischemiaandimprovedneurobehavioraldeficitsbyinhibitingischemia-relatedincreasesinTNF-α,HIF-1α,iNOS,andfreerADIcalformation.XNalsoinhibitsdifferentiationofpreadipocytesandincreasesapoptosisinmatureadipocytes,potentiallyplayingaroleinlipidmetabolism.Thiscompoundmayalsoplayapreventativeroleagainstbonediseases,asitinhibitsosteoclastogenesisbymodulatingRANKLsignaling.XNalsoinducesapoptosisandindirectlysuppressesNotchsignalinginhepatocellularcarcinomamodels.