Description
9-cis Retinoic acid is an agonist at retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoic X receptors (RXRs); it exhibits cardioprotective, neuroprotective, pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer chemotherapeutic activities. This compound is a derivative of vitamin A. 9-cis Retinoic acid prevents hypoxia-induced decreases in the mitochondrial membrane potential and the induction of apoptosis and cell death in cardiomyocytes. In vivo, this compound prevents methamphetamine-induced changes in locomotor activity and tyrosine hydroxylase expression and increase levels of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7). Additionally, 9-cis retinoic acid decreases 6-OHDA-induced neuronal death in animal models of Parkinson’s disease. In monocytes, 9-cis retinoic acid decreases LPS-stimulated expression of IL-6, TNF-α, CCL3, and CCL4. In cellular and animal models of adrenocortical cancer, this compound decreases cell viability and tumor growth. 9-cis Retinoic acid also inhibits adipogenesis. In lymphatic endothelial cells, 9-cis retinoic acid increases cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation.
References
Shan PR, Xu WW, Huang ZQ, et al. Protective role of retinoid X receptor in H9c2 cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in rats. World J Emerg Med. 2014;5(2):122-7. PMID: 25215161.
Reiner DJ, Yu SJ, Shen H, et al. 9-Cis retinoic acid protects against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in nigrostriatal dopamine neurons. Neurotox Res. 2014 Apr;25(3):248-61. PMID: 23884514.
Szabó DR, Baghy K, Szabó PM, et al. Antitumoral effects of 9-cis retinoic acid in adrenocortical cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Mar;71(5):917-32. PMID: 23807211.
Sagara C, Takahashi K, Kagechika H, et al. Molecular mechanism of 9-cis-retinoic acid inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013 Mar 29;433(1):102-7. PMID: 23485459.
Yin LH, Shen H, Diaz-Ruiz O, et al. Early post-treatment with 9-cis retinoic acid reduces neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurosci. 2012 Oct 6;13:120. PMID: 23040108.
Choi I, Lee S, Kyoung Chung H, et al. 9-cis retinoic acid promotes lymphangiogenesis and enhances lymphatic vessel regeneration: therapeutic implications of 9-cis retinoic acid for secondary lymphedema. Circulation. 2012 Feb 21;125(7):872-82. PMID: 22275501.
Kolseth IB, Agren J, Sundvold-Gjerstad V, et al. 9-cis retinoic acid inhibits inflammatory responses of adherent monocytes and increases their ability to induce classical monocyte migration. J Innate Immun. 2012;4(2):176-86. PMID: 22213773.
