Description
Allopurinolisapurineanalogthatmimicshypoxanthine,inhibitingxanthineoxidase;itisclinicallyusedtotreatdiseasesofhyperuricemia,suchasgout.Allopurinolexhibitsanti-inflammatory,nephroprotective,antinociceptive,antioxidative,anti-fibrotic,andcardioprotectiveactivities.Inanimalmodelsofrenalischemia,allopurinoldecreasesproductionofinflammatorycytokines.Inotheranimalmodels,allopurinoldecreasesoxidativestress,suppressesatrialfibrosis,andpreventsatrialfibrillation.Additionally,thiscompoundalsodecreasesnociceptioninanimalmodelsofthermalandchemicalpain,likelyduetoincreasinglevelsofhypoxanthineandxanthine,whicharemetabolizeddownstreamtoformadenosine.
References
Prieto-MoureB,Carabén-RedañoA,Aliena-ValeroA,etal.Allopurinolinrenalischemia.JInvestSurg.2014Oct;27(5):304-16.PMID:24914485.
EssawySS,ElbazAA.Roleofadenosinereceptorsintheanti-nociceptiveeffectsofallopurinolinmice.EurRevMedPharmacolSci.2013Jul;17(14):1857-63.PMID:23877847.
SakabeM,FujikiA,SakamotoT,etal.Xanthineoxidaseinhibitionpreventsatrialfibrillationinacaninemodelofatrialpacing-inducedleftventriculardysfunction.JCardiovascElectrophysiol.2012Oct;23(10):1130-5.PMID:22587612.
PacherP,NivorozhkinA,SzabóC.Therapeuticeffectsofxanthineoxidaseinhibitors:renaissancehalfacenturyafterthediscoveryofallopurinol.PharmacolRev.2006Mar;58(1):87-114.PMID:16507884.