Description
Allyl disulfide is an organosulfur originally found in garlic that exhibits antioxidative, antiviral, neuroprotective, anti-parasitic, anticancer, and anti-hyperlipidemic activities. Allyl disulfide induces phase II enzymes, inhibits lipid peroxidation, and acts as a radical scavenger. In vitro, allyl disulfide inhibits proliferation of HIV-1, and in vivo, it suppresses growth of Gyrodactylus. In other cellular models, allyl disulfide inhibits 4α-methyl oxidase, suppressing cholesterol synthesis. In Drosophila models of Parkinson’s disease, this compound decreases α-synuclein aggregate-induced neuronal death. In leukemia cells, allyl disulfide induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, increases levels of p21, release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase 3 and PARP, and decreases activation of NF-κB.
References
Schelkle B, Snellgrove D, Cable J. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of garlic compounds against Gyrodactylus turnbulli infecting the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Vet Parasitol. 2013 Nov 15;198(1-2):96-101. PMID: 24074607.
Dasgupta P, Bandyopadhyay SS. Role of di-allyl disulfide, a garlic component in NF-κB mediated transient G2-M phase arrest and apoptosis in human leukemic cell-lines. Nutr Cancer. 2013;65(4):611-22. PMID: 23659453.
Trinh K, Moore K, Wes PD, et al. Induction of the phase II detoxification pathway suppresses neuron loss in Drosophila models of Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci. 2008 Jan 9;28(2):465-72. PMID: 18184789.
Chung LY. The antioxidant properties of garlic compounds: allyl cysteine, alliin, allicin, and allyl disulfide. J Med Food. 2006 Summer;9(2):205-13. PMID: 16822206.
Singh DK, Porter TD. Inhibition of sterol 4alpha-methyl oxidase is the principal mechanism by which garlic decreases cholesterol synthesis. J Nutr. 2006 Mar;136(3 Suppl):759S-764S. PMID: 16484558.
Shoji S, Furuishi K, Yanase R, et al. Allyl compounds selectively killed human immunodeficiency virus (type 1)-infected cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Jul 30;194(2):610-21. PMID: 8343148.
