Description
All-transretinolisaditerpenecomponentofvitaminA.Thiscompoundisanessentialvitaminandisnecessaryforeffectivevision,skinhealth,andbonegrowth.Retinolanditsmetabolitesbindretinoicacidreceptors(RARs)andretinoidXreceptors(RXRs),bothofwhichhavemultipleisotypesandisoforms.Duringfetaldevelopment,retinolinfluencescellulardifferentiationinavarietyofways.Retinolalsoplaysaroleincancerstemcelldifferentiation,mediatedthroughERK1/2signaling.Intheimmunesystem,retinolappearstoplayaprotectiveroleinautoimmunediseasessuchasmultiplesclerosisandencephalopathy,downregulatingpro-inflammatoryresponsesstimulatedbyTh1andTh17cells.
References
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