Description
Trans-retinoicacid(RA)isanactivatoroftheretinoicacidreceptor(RAR)thatexhibitsanti-fibrotic,antiviral,antibacterial,immunomodulatory,andanticancerchemotherapeuticactivities.RAisavitaminAcarboxylicacidthatisclinicallyusedtotreatacnevulgaris,keratosispilaris,andacutepromyelocyticleukemia(APL).Invivo,RAinhibitsfibroblastproliferationandscarformationanddecreaseslevelsofTGF-β1,IL-6,andNF-κB.ThiscompoundalsoinducesexpressionofIFNαincellsinfectedwithenterovirus71,decreasingviralinfectivity.InsubjectswithAPL,retinoicacidforcespromyelocytestodifferentiateintonormalbloodcells.Incutaneoussquamouscellcarcinomacells,RAinducesG1phasecellcyclearrest,increasesexpressionofp21andp27,decreasesexpressionofcyclinD1/CDK4andcyclinE/CDK2,andinducesapoptosis.RAdecreasescellularcholesterolandinhibitsMycobacteriuminanNPC2-dependentmanner.Thiscompoundalsoinducesexpressionofhedgehog(Hh)signalingreceptorPatched1,inhibitingHhsignaling.
References
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