Description
Doxepinhydrochlorideisatricyclicantidepressantthatalsoexhibitsanxiolytic,analgesic,anti-ulcerative,andhypnoticactivities.Thiscompounddisplaysinhibitoryactivityatawiderangeofreceptorsubtypes,including5-HT1/2receptors,muscarinicacetylcholinereceptors(M1-5mAChRs),α1-adrenergicreceptors,andhistamine(H1/2)receptors;additionally,doxepinhydrochloridecompetitivelyantagonizestheSEROtonintransporter(SERT)andthenorepinephrinetransporter(NET).Doxepinhydrochlorideismostoftenprescribedasanorallybioavailabletreatmentfordepression,anxiety,insomnia,orwhentopicallyapplied,dermatologicalitch.Inadditiontoitsmodulationofneurotransmitterlevels,doxepinhydrochloridealsoinhibitstheH+/K+ATPasethroughK+antagonismandintravesicularneutralization;likeotherantidepressants,thiscompoundalsoregulatesHPAaxissignaling,decreasingstress-inducedcorticosteronerelease,potentiallythroughanendocannABInoid-mediatedsignalingpathway.Doxepinalsoactsasafunctionalinhibitorofacidsphingomyelinase(FIASMA).