Description
GinsenosideReisatriterpenesaponinoriginallyfoundinspeciesofPanaxthatexhibitsantioxidative,anti-ulcerative,anti-inflammatory,neuroprotective,anxiolytic,antidepressant,anti-diabetic,anti-allergic,cardioprotective,andimmunostimulatoryactivities.GinsenosideReinhibitsformationofgastricmucosallesionsinvivobyincreasingmucosalsecretion,decreasingneutrophilinfiltration,andsuppressingmyeloperoxidaseandxanthineoxidaseactivity.Inanimalmodelsofimmunization,ginsenosideReactsasanadjuvant,increasingtheCD4+:CD8+cellratio,increasingantibodytiters,andincreasinglevelsofIL-4,IL-10,IL-12,andIFN-γ.GinsenosideReimprovesheartrate,perfusionpressure,bloodflow,andcardiacoutputinanimalmodelsofmyocardialischemia/reperfusion.Additionally,ginsenosideReinhibitshistaminereleaseinmastcellsanddecreasesLPS-stimulatedproductionofCOX-2andiNOSinmicroglia.InADIpocytes,thiscompoundactivatesPPARγsignaling,inducesAdipogenesis,andincreasesglucoseuptake.Invivo,ginsenosideReinhibitsstress-inducedanxiety,depression,andcognitivedeficits.