Description
Ginsenoside Rg1 is a triterpene saponin originally found in species of Panax that exhibits antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-aging, anti-fibrotic, anticancer, antithrombotic, anti-allergic, immunomodulatory, cardioprotective, and pro-angiogenic activities. In an animal model of aging, ginsenoside Rg1 prevents decreases in cognitive capacity and neurogenesis, and suppresses astrocyte activation and production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β; it also increases activity of telomerase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. In other animal models, ginsenoside Rg1 decreases levels of ALT, AST, LDH, and ALP, inhibiting inflammation and hepatic stellate cell activation, decreasing fibrosis. Additionally, ginsenoside Rg1 suppresses JAK2/STAT5 signaling in leukemia cells, upregulates expression of Bax and caspase 3, downregulates expression of Bcl-2, induces apoptosis, and inhibits cell proliferation. This compound also inhibits platelet aggregation, fibrinogen binding, P-selection expression, platelet adhesion, and ERK activation, increasing time to occlusion in vivo. Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits left ventricular hypertrophy and increases expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in other animal models. This compound also decreases serum histamine, IgE, and IgG and suppresses infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells in animal models of allergic rhinitis.
References
Zhu J, Mu X, Zeng J, et al. Ginsenoside rg1 prevents cognitive impairment and hippocampus senescence in a rat model of d-galactose-induced aging. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 30;9(6):e101291. PMID: 24979747.
Li JP, Gao Y, Chu SF, et al. Nrf2 pathway activation contributes to anti-fibrosis effects of ginsenoside Rg1 in a rat model of alcohol- and CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2014 Jun 30. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 24976156.
Li J, Wei Q, Zuo GW, et al. Ginsenoside Rg1 induces apoptosis through inhibition of the EpoR-mediated JAK2/STAT5 signalling pathway in the TF-1/ Epo human leukemia cell line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(6):2453-9. PMID: 24761846.
Zhou Y, Li HQ, Lu L, et al. Ginsenoside Rg1 provides neuroprotection against blood brain barrier disruption and neurological injury in a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion through downregulation of aquaporin 4 expression. Phytomedicine. 2014 Jun 15;21(7):998-1003. PMID: 24462216.
He Y, Zhao H, Su G. Ginsenoside Rg1 decreases neurofibrillary tangles accumulation in retina by regulating activities of neprilysin and PKA in retinal cells of AD mice model. J Mol Neurosci. 2014 Jan;52(1):101-6. PMID: 24287922.
Zhou Q, Jiang L, Xu C, et al. Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits platelet activation and arterial thrombosis. Thromb Res. 2014 Jan;133(1):57-65. PMID: 24196231.
Oh HA, Seo JY, Jeong HJ, et al. Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits the TSLP production in allergic rhinitis mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2013 Dec;35(6):678-86. PMID: 24053327.
Zhang YJ, Zhang XL, Li MH, et al. The ginsenoside Rg1 prevents transverse aortic constriction-induced left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting fibrosis and enhancing angiogenesis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2013 Jul;62(1):50-7. PMID: 23846802.
