Description
Ginsenoside Rh1 is a triterpene saponin originally found in species of Panax (ginseng) that exhibits neuroprotective, cognition enhancing, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-metastatic, and anti-allergic activities. Ginsenoside Rh1 enhances memory and learning, increasing neuronal survival in vivo. Ginsenoside Rh1 also decreases expression of PPARγ, fatty acid synthase, CEBP, and FABP, decreasing adipocyte differentiation, body weight, and triglyceride levels in vivo. This compound decreases expression of c-Jun and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), inhibiting migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Additionally, ginsenoside Rh1 increases expression of IL-10 and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and decreases expression of iNOS, COX-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated microglia. In animal models, ginsenoside Rh1 inhibits mast cell degranulation and anaphylaxis as well.
References
Hou J, Xue J, Lee M, et al. Long-term administration of ginsenoside Rh1 enhances learning and memory by promoting cell survival in the mouse hippocampus. Int J Mol Med. 2014 Jan;33(1):234-40. PMID: 24212564.
Gu W, Kim KA, Kim DH. Ginsenoside Rh1 ameliorates high fat diet-induced obesity in mice by inhibiting adipocyte differentiation. Biol Pharm Bull. 2013;36(1):102-7. PMID: 23302642.
Yoon JH, Choi YJ, Lee SG. Ginsenoside Rh1 suppresses matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression through inhibition of activator protein-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2012 Mar 15;679(1-3):24-33. PMID: 22314224.
Jung JS, Shin JA, Park EM, et al. Anti-inflammatory mechanism of ginsenoside Rh1 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia: critical role of the protein kinase A pathway and hemeoxygenase-1 expression. J Neurochem. 2010 Dec;115(6):1668-80. PMID: 20969575.
Park EK, Choo MK, Han MJ, et al. Ginsenoside Rh1 possesses antiallergic and anti-inflammatory activities. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2004 Feb;133(2):113-20. PMID: 14739579.
