Description
Somatostatin is an endogenous neuropeptide hormone found in the brain and pancreas. Somatostatin binds several isoforms of the somatostatin receptor, exhibiting anxiolytic, antiepileptic/anticonvulsant, and anorexigenic activities. In vivo, somatostatin improves performance in the light/dark avoidance test. Somatostatin also suppresses seizures and prevents the generation of seizures, potentially through modulation of GABA signaling. Somatostatin induces cell death under hypoxic/ischemic conditions. In tumor cells, somatostatin displays pro-apoptotic properties, potentially involving the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling. Somatostatin also limits food intake and inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon through alteration of Gβγ signaling and P/Q-type, N-type, and L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel signaling.
References
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Kailey B, van de Bunt M, Cheley S, et al. SSTR2 is the functionally dominant somatostatin receptor in human pancreatic β- and α-cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Nov 1;303(9):E1107-16. PMID: 22932785.
