Description
Sanguinarineisabenzophenanthridinealkaloidthatexhibitsawidevarietyofbeneficialproperties,includinganticancer,anti-inflammatory,andantibacterialactivities.Inbreastcancercells,sanguinarineincreaseslevelsoftissueinhibitorofmetalloproteinase1and2(TIMP1andTIMP2)andheme-oxygenase1(HO-1),decreasesexpressionofmatrixmetalloproteinases(MMPs),prostaglandinE2(PGE2),andCOX-2,andinhibitsthephosphorylationofAktandERKaswellastheactivationofNF-κB.SanguinarinealsoinhibitsVEGFreleaseandincreaseslevelsofROS,inducingapoptosisandinhibitinggrowthofmammaryadenocarcinomacells.Inanimalmodelsofcolitis,thiscompounddecreasesexpressionofIL-6,NF-κB,andTNF-α,resultingindecreasesinweightloss,diseaseactivity,andmortality.SanguinarineincreasesoxidativestressandinducesDNAdamageinspeciesofMicrocystis,acyanobacterium,inhibitingcelldivision.InspeciesofBacillus,thiscompounddecreasesbacterialmembranepotential.Sanguinarinemayalsoinhibittubulinpolymerization,allostericallyactivateAMPK,andinhibitaminoacidcarboxylase.
References
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