Description
Caffeineisaxanthinealkaloidfoundincoffee,tea,andmanyotherplantsources;itexhibitsstimulant,bronchodilatory,anti-asthma,vasoconstrictive,anti-inflammatory,antioxidative,anti-aging,andanti-fibroticactivities.Caffeineactivatesadenosinereceptorsandinhibitsphosphodiesterases(PDEs),increaseslevelsofcAMP,activatingPKA,andinhibitingthereleaseofTNF-αandleukotrienes.Inclinicalsettings,caffeineadmiNISTrationincreasesFEV1.CaffeinemaydecreaseUVrADIation-dependentskindamage,protectingagainstskinaging.Increasesincaffeineconsumptioninhumansubjectsareassociatedwithdecreasesinriskforcardiovascularandneurologicaldiseases.Inanimalmodelsoffibrosis,caffeinedecreasesreleaseofSTGF,collagenI,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1,andTGF-β1,preventingfibrosis.