Description
Hesperetin is a phytoestrogen and flavanone found in citrus plants that exhibits analgesic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, cardioprotective, anti-fibrotic, anticancer, and anti-metastatic activities. Hesperetin inhibits mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and allodynia and decreases production of IL-6,IL-1β, and TNF-α in animal models. In vitro, hesperetin decreases Ca2+ influx by inhibiting L-type Ca2+ channels, inducing vasorelaxation. Additionally, hesperetin increases expression of catalase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase and decreases expression of lipid peroxidase in vivo. In other animal models, this compound prevents cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunction, and fibrosis. Hesperetin also activates Notch1 signaling, induces differentiation, and inhibits cell migration and invasion in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. In breast cancer cells, this compound decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential and increases cytochrome c release, caspase 7 activation, and PARP cleavage, inducing apoptosis.
References
Palit S, Kar S, Sharma G, et al. Hesperetin induces apoptosis in breast carcinoma by triggering accumulation of ROS and activation of ASK1/JNK pathway. J Cell Physiol. 2014 Sep 10. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 25204891.
Aswar M, Kute P, Mahajan S, et al. Protective effect of hesperetin in rat model of partial sciatic nerve ligation induced painful neuropathic pain: an evidence of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2014 Sep;124:101-7. PMID: 24871567.
Liu Y, Niu L, Cui L, et al. Hesperetin inhibits rat coronary constriction by inhibiting Ca(2+) influx and enhancing voltage-gated K(+) channel currents of the myocytes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Jul 15;735:193-201. PMID: 24751712.
Patel PN, Yu XM, Jaskula-Sztul R, et al. Hesperetin Activates the Notch1 Signaling Cascade, Causes Apoptosis, and Induces Cellular Differentiation in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014 Jan 14. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 24419754.
Deng W, Jiang D, Fang Y, et al. Hesperetin protects against cardiac remodelling induced by pressure overload in mice. J Mol Histol. 2013 Oct;44(5):575-85. PMID: 23719775.
Wang J, Zhu H, Yang Z, et al. Antioxidative effects of hesperetin against lead acetate-induced oxidative stress in rats. Indian J Pharmacol. 2013 Jul-Aug;45(4):395-8. PMID: 24014918.
Yang Y, Wolfram J, Shen H, et al. Hesperetin: an inhibitor of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. Eur J Med Chem. 2012 Dec;58:390-5. PMID: 23153811.
