Description
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) is an antihypertensive thiazide diuretic that is used to treat hypertension and chronic kidney disease. HCT competes for the Cl- site on the Na+/Cl- co-transporter (NCCT), decreasing reabsorption of Na+ in the distal convoluted tubule, inducing natriuresis and decreasing blood volume. HCT also partially inhibits carbonic anhydrase I in erythrocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells; this mechanism may be behind the ability of HCT to decrease peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure. Separately, HCT may also increase reabsorption of Ca2+. This compound may also exhibit anticancer chemotherapeutic benefit in conjunction with UVA light, as it enhances production of TT dimers in vitro and in vivo.
References
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Duarte JD, Cooper-DeHoff RM. Mechanisms for blood pressure lowering and metabolic effects of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2010 Jun;8(6):793-802. PMID: 20528637.
Puscas I, Coltau M, Baican M, et al. Vasodilatory effect of diuretics is dependent on inhibition of vascular smooth muscle carbonic anhydrase by a direct mechanism of action. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1999;25(6):271-9. PMID: 10713865.
Shirley DG, Walter SJ, Laycock JF. The role of sodium depletion in hydrochlorothiazide-induced antidiuresis in Brattleboro rats with diabetes insipidus. Clin Sci Mol Med. 1978 Mar;54(3):209-15. PMID: 630797.
