Description
Protocatechuicacidisadihydroxyphenolicacidoriginallyfoundincruciferousvegetables,sunflowers,rice,andotherplants.Protocatechuicacidexhibitsawidevarietyofbeneficialproperties,includingantioxidative,anti-inflammatory,anti-parasitic,antibacterial,anti-metastatic,andanticanceractivities.ProtocatechuicacidinhibitsTNF-inducedexpressionandreleaseofadhesionmoleculesandpro-inflammatorycytokinesaswellasADP-inducedexpressionofplateletP-selectin.ThiscompoundincreasesquinonereductaseactivityandactsasarADIcalscavengeraswell.Additionally,protocatechuicacidimprovespathology,motorfunction,andcognitionanddecreasesinfarctsizeinanimalmodelsofbilateralcommoncarotidarteryocclusion.Thiscompoundisactiveagainstbothgrampositiveandgramnegativebacteriaandexertsantiparasiticactivityinvitroandinvivo,indicatingpotentialbenefitasanantimalarialtreatment.Invitro,protocatechuicacidinhibitsRhoBactivation,decreasingexpressionofmatrixmetalloproteinase2(MMP2)andinactivatingNF-κBandalsoinhibitshumantopoisomeraseII;theseactivitiesresultininhibitionofmetastasis,invasion,andproliferationinavarietyofcellularmodels.