Description
Deoxynivalenol is a trichothecene mycotoxin initially produced by species of Fusarium that is found in cereals and other products of wheat or similar grains. Deoxynivalenol exhibits immunomodulatory, cytotoxic, and pro-inflammatory activities. In vivo, deoxynivalenol increases the formation of pores in the intestinal epithelial barrier of the jejunum, increases the number of CD16+ cells, and downregulates expression of syndeca, fibulin 6, and BM-40. In vitro, this toxin activates p38 MAPK and p53 to induce activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9, resulting in apoptosis; it also induces rRNA cleavage, inhibiting ribosomal translation. In other cellular models, deoxynivalenol upregulates expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and mPGES-1.
References
Ovando-Martínez M, Ozsisli B, Anderson J, et al. Analysis of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in hard red spring wheat inoculated with Fusarium graminearum. Toxins (Basel). 2013 Dec 17;5(12):2522-32. PMID: 24351715.
Nossol C, Diesing AK, Kahlert S, et al. Deoxynivalenol affects the composition of the basement membrane proteins and influences en route the migration of CD16(+) cells into the intestinal epithelium. Mycotoxin Res. 2013 Nov;29(4):245-54. PMID: 23949948.
He K, Zhou HR, Pestka JJ. Targets and intracellular signaling mechanisms for deoxynivalenol-induced ribosomal RNA cleavage. Toxicol Sci. 2012 Jun;127(2):382-90. PMID: 22491426.
Girardet C, Bonnet MS, Jdir R, et al. Central inflammation and sickness-like behavior induced by the food contaminant deoxynivalenol: a PGE2-independent mechanism. Toxicol Sci. 2011 Nov;124(1):179-91. PMID: 21873375.
