Description
Mastoparan 7 is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) derived from the venom of bees and wasps that activates Gi/o GPCRs, increasing release of downstream signaling messengers such as cAMP, atrial natriuretic factor, and ATP. Mastoparan 7 restores neurotransmitter release from spinal cord cells treated with botulinum toxin serotype A. Additionally, mastoparan 7 activates phospholipase A2 (PLA2).
References
Zhang P, Ray R, Singh BR, et al. Mastoparan-7 rescues botulinum toxin-A poisoned neurons in a mouse spinal cord cell culture model. Toxicon. 2013 Dec 15;76:37-43. PMID: 24047963.
Sprague RS, Bowles EA, Achilleus D, et al. A selective phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor rescues low PO2-induced ATP release from erythrocytes of humans with type 2 diabetes: implication for vascular control. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2011 Dec;301(6):H2466-72. Erratum in: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2012 Jan;302(1):H378. PMID: 21963837.
Sprague R, Bowles E, Stumpf M, et al. Rabbit erythrocytes possess adenylyl cyclase type II that is activated by the heterotrimeric G proteins Gs and Gi. Pharmacol Rep. 2005;57 Suppl:222-8. PMID: 16415502.
Bensimon M, Chang AI, de Bold ML, et al. Participation of G proteins in natriuretic peptide hormone secretion from heart atria. Endocrinology. 2004 Nov;145(11):5313-21. PMID: 15308619.