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Description

Angiotensin II (AT II) is an endogenous peptide produced from AT I by angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE). AT II binds the AT II type 1 (AT1) receptor, stimulating GPCRs in vascular smooth muscle cells and increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels; this results in contraction and vasoconstriction, increasing blood pressure. AT II also acts at the Na+/H+ exchanger in the proximal tubules of the kidney. Here, AT II increases reabsorption of Na+ and HCO3- and excretion of H+, increasing blood volume and pH and further increasing blood pressure.

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References

De Giusti VC, Ciancio MC, Orlowski A, et al. Modulation of the cardiac sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter by the renin angiotensin aldosterone system: pathophysiological consequences. Front Physiol. 2014 Jan 17;4:411. PMID: 24478712.

Moon JY. Recent Update of Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension. Electrolyte Blood Press. 2013 Dec;11(2):41-45. PMID: 24627703.